A cable modem is a type of network bridge and modem that provides bi-directional data communication via radio frequency channels on a cable television (CATV) infrastructure. Cable modems are primarily used to deliver broadband Internet access in the form of cable Internet, taking advantage of the high bandwidth of a cable television network. They are commonly deployed in Australia, Europe, and North and South America. In the USA alone there were 22.5 million cable modem users during the first quarter of 2005, up from 17.4 million in the first quarter of 2004.
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Friday, October 2, 2009
Wednesday, August 26, 2009
Broadband
ADSL modems, a more recent development, are not limited to the telephone's "voiceband" audio frequencies. Some ADSL modems use coded orthogonal frequency division modulation (DMT).
Cable modems use a range of frequencies originally intended to carry RF television channels. Multiple cable modems attached to a single cable can use the same frequency band, using a low-level media access protocol to allow them to work together within the same channel. Typically, 'up' and 'down' signals are kept separate using frequency division multiple access.
New types of broadband modems are beginning to appear, such as doubleway satellite and power line modems.
Broadband modems should still be classed as modems, since they use complex waveforms to carry digital data. They are more advanced devices than traditional dial-up modems as they are capable of modulating/demodulating hundreds of channels simultaneously.
Many broadband modems include the functions of a router (with Ethernet and WiFi ports) and other features such as DHCP, NAT and firewall features.
When broadband technology was introduced, networking and routers were unfamiliar to consumers. However, many people knew what a modem was as most internet access was through dial-up. Due to this familiarity, companies started selling broadband modems using the familiar term "modem" rather than vaguer ones like "adapter" or "transceiver".
Many broadband modems must be configured in bridge mode before they can use a router. For more information visit our friends here.
Cable modems use a range of frequencies originally intended to carry RF television channels. Multiple cable modems attached to a single cable can use the same frequency band, using a low-level media access protocol to allow them to work together within the same channel. Typically, 'up' and 'down' signals are kept separate using frequency division multiple access.
New types of broadband modems are beginning to appear, such as doubleway satellite and power line modems.
Broadband modems should still be classed as modems, since they use complex waveforms to carry digital data. They are more advanced devices than traditional dial-up modems as they are capable of modulating/demodulating hundreds of channels simultaneously.
Many broadband modems include the functions of a router (with Ethernet and WiFi ports) and other features such as DHCP, NAT and firewall features.
When broadband technology was introduced, networking and routers were unfamiliar to consumers. However, many people knew what a modem was as most internet access was through dial-up. Due to this familiarity, companies started selling broadband modems using the familiar term "modem" rather than vaguer ones like "adapter" or "transceiver".
Many broadband modems must be configured in bridge mode before they can use a router. For more information visit our friends here.
Modern Modems and Routers
Modems which use mobile phone lines (GPRS, UMTS, HSPA, EVDO, WiMax, etc.), are known as Cellular Modems. Cellular modems can be embedded inside a laptop or appliance, or they can be external to it. External cellular modems are datacards and cellular routers. The datacard is a PC card or ExpressCard which slides into a PCMCIA/PC card/ExpressCard slot on a computer. The most famous brand of cellular modem datacards is the AirCard made by Sierra Wireless. (Many people just refer to all makes and models as "AirCards", when in fact this is a trademarked brand name.) Nowadays, there are USB cellular modems as well that use a USB port on the laptop instead of a PC card or ExpressCard slot. A cellular router may or may not have an external datacard ("AirCard") that slides into it. Most cellular routers do allow such datacards or USB modems, except for the WAAV, Inc. CM3 mobile broadband cellular router. Cellular Routers may not be modems per se, but they contain modems or allow modems to be slid into them. The difference between a cellular router and a cellular modem is that a cellular router normally allows multiple people to connect to it (since it can "route"), while the modem is made for one connection.
Most of the GSM cellular modems come with an integrated SIM cardholder (i.e, Huawei E220, Sierra 881, etc.) The CDMA (EVDO) versions do not use SIM cards, but use Electronic Serial Number (ESN) instead.
The cost of using a cellular modem varies from country to country. Some carriers implement "flat rate" plans for unlimited data transfers. Some have caps (or maximum limits) on the amount of data that can be transferred per month. Other countries have "per Megabyte" or even "per Kilobyte" plans that charge a fixed rate per Megabyte or Kilobyte of data downloaded; this tends to add up quickly in today's content-filled world, which is why many people are pushing for flat data rates. See : flat rate.
The faster data rates of the newest cellular modem technologies (UMTS, HSPA, EVDO, WiMax) are also considered to be "Broadband Cellular Modems" and compete with other Broadband modems below. For more information visit our friends here.
Most of the GSM cellular modems come with an integrated SIM cardholder (i.e, Huawei E220, Sierra 881, etc.) The CDMA (EVDO) versions do not use SIM cards, but use Electronic Serial Number (ESN) instead.
The cost of using a cellular modem varies from country to country. Some carriers implement "flat rate" plans for unlimited data transfers. Some have caps (or maximum limits) on the amount of data that can be transferred per month. Other countries have "per Megabyte" or even "per Kilobyte" plans that charge a fixed rate per Megabyte or Kilobyte of data downloaded; this tends to add up quickly in today's content-filled world, which is why many people are pushing for flat data rates. See : flat rate.
The faster data rates of the newest cellular modem technologies (UMTS, HSPA, EVDO, WiMax) are also considered to be "Broadband Cellular Modems" and compete with other Broadband modems below. For more information visit our friends here.
Monday, May 18, 2009
Buying Modem Basics
With the advent of broadband access to the internet, you might think that modems have become passe. That's just not the case, as a large majority of users still rely on dial-up service to connect to the internet. However, there are fewer choices in aftermarket modems today simply because virtually all new PCs include an internal modem as standard equipment.
As with all computer and electronics equipment, modems can go bad and may need to be replaced. Modems for use with handheld PCs and PDAs are becoming more widespread. With more Palm and Handspring Visor users wanting access to the internet, e-mail, and other information, these modems are enjoying great popularity.
Modems for desktop PCs come in internal and external models. Most internal models today require a PCI expansion slot. External modems generally require a USB port and operating system support for this feature (Windows 98/Me, Windows 2000/NT, Windows XP, or Mac OS.) Older external models are still available for those who prefer to use a serial port.
All modems these days meet the V.90 standard, which defines operations at 56Kbps. Be aware that this speed is misleading. Because of FCC restrictions on the amount of voltage a modem can put on the line, even a "56K" modem has a speed limit of 53Kbps (with most modems averaging speeds from 40Kbps to 50Kbps). That maximum speed is only in one direction, downloading, and many times, connections are made at a much slower rate. Uploading is performed at 33Kbps at best. A new standard called V.92 has recently been approved, and when implemented by the ISPs (Internet service providers), it will raise the upload speed to as fast as 43Kbps.
Virtually all modems include fax capability. This lets you send and receive faxes using your PC, eliminating the need for a fax machine. Because almost no difference exists in the basic functionality between modems today, manufacturers have started adding special features, such as the ability to send voice messages to other users while communicating online or to automatically differentiate between voice, fax, and data calls.
If you are buying a modem for a laptop, there are two additional features you might want to consider. One is the ability of some laptop PC Card modems to connect to a cellular telephone. Not all modems offer this capability, and even those that do require specific phone models. Another nice feature in PC Card-format modems is built-in jacks that eliminate the need for special connector cables. Wireless modems for laptops or PDAs are also gaining in popularity, although you'll have to stay within a coverage area to maintain your connection.
Broadband internet access methods, such as cable and DSL, require a different type of device. Cable and DSL "modems" do not work the same way as a standard V.90 modem, and most need to be matched to the specific vendor offering the service. You can go into a computer store and purchase a modem for DSL access, but unless it's the one specified by the DSL provider, it might not work.
How to Shop
First, consider whether you want an internal or external modem. External modems require an available port to plug into, but they're easier to install and they offer handy status lights. Internal modems require a free slot inside your PC, and are generally a bit less expensive. Of course, if you use a laptop, you'll want to choose a PC Card modem for maximum portability.
If you're investigating alternative high-speed technologies such as DSL or cable modems, contact your local telephone or cable company before buying equipment. Different localities use different standards, and you'll need to buy equipment that is compatible with your local system.
As with all computer and electronics equipment, modems can go bad and may need to be replaced. Modems for use with handheld PCs and PDAs are becoming more widespread. With more Palm and Handspring Visor users wanting access to the internet, e-mail, and other information, these modems are enjoying great popularity.
Modems for desktop PCs come in internal and external models. Most internal models today require a PCI expansion slot. External modems generally require a USB port and operating system support for this feature (Windows 98/Me, Windows 2000/NT, Windows XP, or Mac OS.) Older external models are still available for those who prefer to use a serial port.
All modems these days meet the V.90 standard, which defines operations at 56Kbps. Be aware that this speed is misleading. Because of FCC restrictions on the amount of voltage a modem can put on the line, even a "56K" modem has a speed limit of 53Kbps (with most modems averaging speeds from 40Kbps to 50Kbps). That maximum speed is only in one direction, downloading, and many times, connections are made at a much slower rate. Uploading is performed at 33Kbps at best. A new standard called V.92 has recently been approved, and when implemented by the ISPs (Internet service providers), it will raise the upload speed to as fast as 43Kbps.
Virtually all modems include fax capability. This lets you send and receive faxes using your PC, eliminating the need for a fax machine. Because almost no difference exists in the basic functionality between modems today, manufacturers have started adding special features, such as the ability to send voice messages to other users while communicating online or to automatically differentiate between voice, fax, and data calls.
If you are buying a modem for a laptop, there are two additional features you might want to consider. One is the ability of some laptop PC Card modems to connect to a cellular telephone. Not all modems offer this capability, and even those that do require specific phone models. Another nice feature in PC Card-format modems is built-in jacks that eliminate the need for special connector cables. Wireless modems for laptops or PDAs are also gaining in popularity, although you'll have to stay within a coverage area to maintain your connection.
Broadband internet access methods, such as cable and DSL, require a different type of device. Cable and DSL "modems" do not work the same way as a standard V.90 modem, and most need to be matched to the specific vendor offering the service. You can go into a computer store and purchase a modem for DSL access, but unless it's the one specified by the DSL provider, it might not work.
How to Shop
First, consider whether you want an internal or external modem. External modems require an available port to plug into, but they're easier to install and they offer handy status lights. Internal modems require a free slot inside your PC, and are generally a bit less expensive. Of course, if you use a laptop, you'll want to choose a PC Card modem for maximum portability.
If you're investigating alternative high-speed technologies such as DSL or cable modems, contact your local telephone or cable company before buying equipment. Different localities use different standards, and you'll need to buy equipment that is compatible with your local system.
Thursday, May 14, 2009
What Kind of Modems Should I Buy?
e have always recommended external modems. In the past, the main reasons for this were that:
* They can be connected to any kind of computer that has a serial port.
* You can monitor the lights and speaker sounds for troubleshooting.
* They don't cause interrupt conflicts or address confusion, as internal modems almost always do.
In recent times, the reasons to stick with external modems are all the more compelling:
* Almost any recent-model modem is bound to have bugs and defects. Therefore it is better to keep it outside your PC, where it can't affect the internal bus, configuration, or interrupt structure of your computer.
* An external modems can be turned off and on to return it to its power-up configuration, as is often necessary when the modem becomes hopelessly confused. Internal modems can be power cycled only by turning your whole computer off and on.
* External modems are almost never "controllerless". To the best of our knowledge, all RPI modems, Winmodems, and other "software assisted" modems are internal PC modems.
* External modems are never "Plug and Play". Plug and Play modems need special OS-specific loaders to be initialized correctly. They can't be used with DOS applications, even in a Windows 95 DOS window. To the best of our knowledge they work only in Windows 95/98, and maybe to some degree also in Linux through the isapnptools software.
We do not recommend or endorse any particular brand of modem. However, we do recommend the following attributes:
* It should be external rather than internal. The extra price is worth it.
* It should follow established ITU-T (formerly CCITT) standards like V.32bis, V.34, V.90, V.42, and V.42bis. If a modem claims to "exceed" standards or "set" standards, beware; it is unlikely to interoperate correctly, or at all, with modems from other manufacturers.
* It must not depend on operating-system-specific drivers or loaders for any of its signal processing, modulation, error-correction, or compression functions. The operating system should be able to make full use of it through its serial-port driver, with the application providing the interface to the modem's command language. Thus you should be able to change or upgrade operating systems without losing the ability to use your modem.
Read the box carefully before buying.
56K modems are designed for only one purpose: to dial up an Internet Service Provider (ISP) that offers 56K service and has a digital connection to the telephone network. If they don't work for other purposes, this is not surprising, since they were not designed for any other purpose.
V.90 is the recently approved ITU-T standard 56K method, whereas X2 and K56flex are competing proprietary methods that preceded the standard. While V.90 is based on the other two, it does not include either one of them, and is only just now appearing on the market.
Basic connection problems can occur if:
* There is more than one analog segment (and therefore more than one analog/digital conversion point) in the telephone circuit between two 56K modems. Of course, you have no control over this. But it is likely if you are calling any host or service that does not have a direct digital link to the phone network. It might also be the case if you are calling out from a PBX, which can involve multiple A/D D/A conversions.
* There is only one analog segment, but it is too long or too noisy.
* Your modem tickles bugs in the other modem, or vice versa.
* Your modem and the other modem (which might or might not be a 56K modem) can not negotiate a common modulation or protocol. It takes more memory than most modems have to accommodate one or two 56K "standards" plus all the others (v.34 and below) and so essential fallback procedures might be lacking.
In theory, the modems should be able to recover from such situations automatically, and agree upon a lower modulation and connection speed. In practice, sometimes the modems become "frozen" or disconnect entirely. The most common complaint is that the modem makes the connection, but there is only a "blue screen" on the other end. That is, the modems are connected, the local modem reports carrier, but no characters are transmitted.
Performance is a totally separate question, and generally hinges upon the specific pair of modems and the connection between them.
* They can be connected to any kind of computer that has a serial port.
* You can monitor the lights and speaker sounds for troubleshooting.
* They don't cause interrupt conflicts or address confusion, as internal modems almost always do.
In recent times, the reasons to stick with external modems are all the more compelling:
* Almost any recent-model modem is bound to have bugs and defects. Therefore it is better to keep it outside your PC, where it can't affect the internal bus, configuration, or interrupt structure of your computer.
* An external modems can be turned off and on to return it to its power-up configuration, as is often necessary when the modem becomes hopelessly confused. Internal modems can be power cycled only by turning your whole computer off and on.
* External modems are almost never "controllerless". To the best of our knowledge, all RPI modems, Winmodems, and other "software assisted" modems are internal PC modems.
* External modems are never "Plug and Play". Plug and Play modems need special OS-specific loaders to be initialized correctly. They can't be used with DOS applications, even in a Windows 95 DOS window. To the best of our knowledge they work only in Windows 95/98, and maybe to some degree also in Linux through the isapnptools software.
We do not recommend or endorse any particular brand of modem. However, we do recommend the following attributes:
* It should be external rather than internal. The extra price is worth it.
* It should follow established ITU-T (formerly CCITT) standards like V.32bis, V.34, V.90, V.42, and V.42bis. If a modem claims to "exceed" standards or "set" standards, beware; it is unlikely to interoperate correctly, or at all, with modems from other manufacturers.
* It must not depend on operating-system-specific drivers or loaders for any of its signal processing, modulation, error-correction, or compression functions. The operating system should be able to make full use of it through its serial-port driver, with the application providing the interface to the modem's command language. Thus you should be able to change or upgrade operating systems without losing the ability to use your modem.
Read the box carefully before buying.
56K modems are designed for only one purpose: to dial up an Internet Service Provider (ISP) that offers 56K service and has a digital connection to the telephone network. If they don't work for other purposes, this is not surprising, since they were not designed for any other purpose.
V.90 is the recently approved ITU-T standard 56K method, whereas X2 and K56flex are competing proprietary methods that preceded the standard. While V.90 is based on the other two, it does not include either one of them, and is only just now appearing on the market.
Basic connection problems can occur if:
* There is more than one analog segment (and therefore more than one analog/digital conversion point) in the telephone circuit between two 56K modems. Of course, you have no control over this. But it is likely if you are calling any host or service that does not have a direct digital link to the phone network. It might also be the case if you are calling out from a PBX, which can involve multiple A/D D/A conversions.
* There is only one analog segment, but it is too long or too noisy.
* Your modem tickles bugs in the other modem, or vice versa.
* Your modem and the other modem (which might or might not be a 56K modem) can not negotiate a common modulation or protocol. It takes more memory than most modems have to accommodate one or two 56K "standards" plus all the others (v.34 and below) and so essential fallback procedures might be lacking.
In theory, the modems should be able to recover from such situations automatically, and agree upon a lower modulation and connection speed. In practice, sometimes the modems become "frozen" or disconnect entirely. The most common complaint is that the modem makes the connection, but there is only a "blue screen" on the other end. That is, the modems are connected, the local modem reports carrier, but no characters are transmitted.
Performance is a totally separate question, and generally hinges upon the specific pair of modems and the connection between them.
Buying Cellular Modems
A cellular modem will let you and your laptop tap into the high-speed wireless 3G networks that blanket the U.S., so you can surf the Web and download files at broadband speeds anywhere you can use your cell phone. Over the past couple of years, modems have become more compact, compatible, and flexible, but you do have to pay for the device itself along with cellular broadband service that'll cost you from $40 to $60 a month. Still, if you want to get online with a fast network that's more ubiquitous than Wi-Fi, here are some tips to keep in mind when picking a carrier and a device.
Understand the Limits
Cellular broadband can't replace good old residential broadband, because every wireless carrier has some sort of a data limit, typically 5GB per month. That's enough for basic Web surfing and e-mail, but not much more. Pop that cap and most service providers will give you a warning; keep going and you'll probably get cut off or charged insanely high overage rates. (If Cricket is your provider, however, it just throttles down your speed for the remainder of the month.) So if you intend to pump a lot of data through your connection, cellular broadband probably isn't for you.
Balancing Price, Speed, and Coverage
AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, and Verizon Wireless each charge $60 a month for a cellular modem subscription, while Cricket charges $40 per month and requires no contract. The devices themselves range in price from free up to around $300, depending on what kind of deal you can get when you sign a service contract.
So just how fast is 3G? In our tests, we found that the city you're in matters more than the technology you're using. Depending on various network factors, you can expect download speeds between 800 kilobits per second and 2.5 megabits per second and upload speeds between 300 Kbps and 800 Kbps. 3G doesn't cover the whole nation (it's absent particularly in lower-population areas); if it's not available your connection will drop to 2G, with download speeds of around 100 Kbps for Sprint and Verizon and 120 to 200 Kbps for AT&T and T-Mobile.
AT&T offers 3G coverage in the form of HSDPA 3.6 in portions of 42 states plus Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico; the carrier is also testing a faster download system, HSDPA 7.2, which should be released in large markets later this year. T-Mobile offers HSDPA 3.6 in portions of 21 states plus Washington D.C.
Sprint, Verizon, and Cricket use EV-DO Rev A. Verizon's 3G coverage is much more solid than the other national carriers', especially in many rural areas and large parts of the northeastern U.S.
Sprint's 3G coverage isn't quite as good as Verizon's. But Sprint is the first carrier to offer 4G (aka WiMAX), the fastest available cell broadband service, with transfer rates of up to 8 Mbps—although it's currently available only in Baltimore and in Portland, Oregon. If you're interested in WiMAX, currently you have one choice: the Sprint 3G/4G USB Modem U300, the only modem that works with both WiMAX and 3G networks (and it works only in Baltimore).
Cricket isn't available nationwide; you'll find it primarily in medium-size and large cities. Cricket uses both EV-DO Rev A and the slower EV-DO Rev 0, which deliver speeds of around 450 to 700 Kbps down and 150 Kbps up. You'll need to check with the carrier as to whether you're in a Rev 0 or a Rev A city, as there's no indication of the difference on Cricket's Web site.
Can't get coverage where you live? WISPs (wireless ISPs) generally use larger, home-based modems, but they're available in many (though not all) small towns where traditional broadband or cellular service can't be found. What's more, they don't carry 5GB limits.
Add a Modem, Embed, or Tether?
If you decide to make the 3G jump, cellular modems aren't the only option. You'll find a wide range of PCs and netbooks with integrated 3G from almost every manufacturer, save for Apple. In our tests, these devices typically deliver solid speed and reception—but of course, you've got to buy a new system, and you may be yoked to one wireless carrier for the life of the PC.
You can also use your existing cell phone as your laptop's modem through a process called "tethering." Not terribly convenient, and often difficult to set up, tethering doesn't require that you buy anything extra or subscribe to a separate service plan, and monthly supplemental charges are typically less than dedicated modem plans. On our tests, tethered phone connections are generally slightly slower than dedicated modem connections.
On Verizon Wireless, the tethering supplement costs $60 per month for feature phones and between $15 and $30 for smartphones, depending on your service plan. (Check out the full list of Verizon tether-ready phones.) With AT&T, smartphones other than the iPhone are generally tetherable, and you'll pay $30 on top of a personal PDA plan. On Sprint, it's $15 on top of many of the $30-or-higher monthly data plans. To find out if your Sprint phone has tethering abilities, select your phone at the carrier's site, and check to see if Sprint SmartView software is available for your model. Cricket doesn't offer tethering, and while it's possible to use your phone as a modem on T-Mobile, it's not officially supported, so you run the risk of getting cut off at any time.
You've Settled on a Modem, Now Choose a Form Factor
There are three varieties of 3G modems: USB devices, PC Cards, and ExpressCards. The latter two are convenient because you put one into a slot on your laptop and leave it there—but, of course, your PC needs to have the right slot. USB modems are more flexible, because every system has at least one USB port, you can plug a modem into one and not have to worry about switching modems when you switch PCs.
When it comes to performance, we haven't found much of a difference between cards and USB modems. In fact, we've found that the same device in the same place can get different speeds at different times. This is usually because of the modem's chipset and built-in antenna configuration—unique factors in every model. We test modems by trying a sequence of uploads and downloads from multiple sites at least seven times, at different times of day, and in different locations. Only when averaged out over multiple tests do trends become clear. The fastest modems available for each carrier typically receive our Editors' Choice.
Once you've decided which type of modem to get, you might want to consider extra features. Some devices come with built-in microSD card readers for accessing the memory card from your phone, or built-in GPS, so you can use your laptop as a portable navigator.
You'll also find models that let you connect an external antenna. If you live, work, or travel in areas where the 3G signal is consistently weaker than about -90 dBm (decibels above 1 milliwatt; there's a signal meter in your connection manager software that will provide this information), you'll get a big boost from an external antenna or amplifier. Unfortunately, antennas are pretty large, and toting one can be cumbersome.
Mac & Linux Compatibility
Make sure your modem is compatible with your PC's operating system. Every modem offered by AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, Verizon Wireless, and Cricket works with Windows XP and Vista, and most modems available today work with Mac OS 10.5 (Sprint's 3G/4G USB Modem U300 and T-Mobile's first modem, the webConnect USB Laptop Stick are notable exceptions). The Novatel Ovation U760 for Sprint and Verizon, and the Sierra Wireless 598U and Novatel Merlin EX720 for Sprint are officially Linux-compatible, and unofficial Linux drivers for AT&T's Sierra and Option cards are also available from the manufacturers' Web sites.
Beware: Overseas Surfing Will Cost You
Traveling abroad? Taking your laptop and modem along isn't as easy as it might seem. AT&T modems will work almost everywhere in the world, but if you're leaving the country, you should get a temporary data add-on to your service plan. You can opt for from 20MB to 200MB of data usage ($25 to $229 per month). If you don't have one of these plans, you'll be charged up to $20 per megabyte (that's MB, not GB) for data overseas. Ouch. T-Mobile modems also work abroad, but they don't have add-on plans available—it's just $15 per megabyte outside the U.S. and Canada.
If you're with Verizon, your modem will work in Canada, and the company will sell you a global ExpressCard that works with a $129.99-per-month plan for use in other countries. But you'll need a laptop with an ExpressCard slot. Otherwise, you're stuck with a $20-per-megabyte rate. Sprint will also sell you special international cards and modems but offers no overseas data roaming plan; if you go to Europe, for instance, you'll pay a flat rate of $16 per megabyte.
If you need Internet access outside the U.S., use your hotel Wi-Fi, hunt down hot spots or use a BlackBerry with an international data plan, which is much less expensive than a cellular card plan.
Understand the Limits
Cellular broadband can't replace good old residential broadband, because every wireless carrier has some sort of a data limit, typically 5GB per month. That's enough for basic Web surfing and e-mail, but not much more. Pop that cap and most service providers will give you a warning; keep going and you'll probably get cut off or charged insanely high overage rates. (If Cricket is your provider, however, it just throttles down your speed for the remainder of the month.) So if you intend to pump a lot of data through your connection, cellular broadband probably isn't for you.
Balancing Price, Speed, and Coverage
AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, and Verizon Wireless each charge $60 a month for a cellular modem subscription, while Cricket charges $40 per month and requires no contract. The devices themselves range in price from free up to around $300, depending on what kind of deal you can get when you sign a service contract.
So just how fast is 3G? In our tests, we found that the city you're in matters more than the technology you're using. Depending on various network factors, you can expect download speeds between 800 kilobits per second and 2.5 megabits per second and upload speeds between 300 Kbps and 800 Kbps. 3G doesn't cover the whole nation (it's absent particularly in lower-population areas); if it's not available your connection will drop to 2G, with download speeds of around 100 Kbps for Sprint and Verizon and 120 to 200 Kbps for AT&T and T-Mobile.
AT&T offers 3G coverage in the form of HSDPA 3.6 in portions of 42 states plus Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico; the carrier is also testing a faster download system, HSDPA 7.2, which should be released in large markets later this year. T-Mobile offers HSDPA 3.6 in portions of 21 states plus Washington D.C.
Sprint, Verizon, and Cricket use EV-DO Rev A. Verizon's 3G coverage is much more solid than the other national carriers', especially in many rural areas and large parts of the northeastern U.S.
Sprint's 3G coverage isn't quite as good as Verizon's. But Sprint is the first carrier to offer 4G (aka WiMAX), the fastest available cell broadband service, with transfer rates of up to 8 Mbps—although it's currently available only in Baltimore and in Portland, Oregon. If you're interested in WiMAX, currently you have one choice: the Sprint 3G/4G USB Modem U300, the only modem that works with both WiMAX and 3G networks (and it works only in Baltimore).
Cricket isn't available nationwide; you'll find it primarily in medium-size and large cities. Cricket uses both EV-DO Rev A and the slower EV-DO Rev 0, which deliver speeds of around 450 to 700 Kbps down and 150 Kbps up. You'll need to check with the carrier as to whether you're in a Rev 0 or a Rev A city, as there's no indication of the difference on Cricket's Web site.
Can't get coverage where you live? WISPs (wireless ISPs) generally use larger, home-based modems, but they're available in many (though not all) small towns where traditional broadband or cellular service can't be found. What's more, they don't carry 5GB limits.
Add a Modem, Embed, or Tether?
If you decide to make the 3G jump, cellular modems aren't the only option. You'll find a wide range of PCs and netbooks with integrated 3G from almost every manufacturer, save for Apple. In our tests, these devices typically deliver solid speed and reception—but of course, you've got to buy a new system, and you may be yoked to one wireless carrier for the life of the PC.
You can also use your existing cell phone as your laptop's modem through a process called "tethering." Not terribly convenient, and often difficult to set up, tethering doesn't require that you buy anything extra or subscribe to a separate service plan, and monthly supplemental charges are typically less than dedicated modem plans. On our tests, tethered phone connections are generally slightly slower than dedicated modem connections.
On Verizon Wireless, the tethering supplement costs $60 per month for feature phones and between $15 and $30 for smartphones, depending on your service plan. (Check out the full list of Verizon tether-ready phones.) With AT&T, smartphones other than the iPhone are generally tetherable, and you'll pay $30 on top of a personal PDA plan. On Sprint, it's $15 on top of many of the $30-or-higher monthly data plans. To find out if your Sprint phone has tethering abilities, select your phone at the carrier's site, and check to see if Sprint SmartView software is available for your model. Cricket doesn't offer tethering, and while it's possible to use your phone as a modem on T-Mobile, it's not officially supported, so you run the risk of getting cut off at any time.
You've Settled on a Modem, Now Choose a Form Factor
There are three varieties of 3G modems: USB devices, PC Cards, and ExpressCards. The latter two are convenient because you put one into a slot on your laptop and leave it there—but, of course, your PC needs to have the right slot. USB modems are more flexible, because every system has at least one USB port, you can plug a modem into one and not have to worry about switching modems when you switch PCs.
When it comes to performance, we haven't found much of a difference between cards and USB modems. In fact, we've found that the same device in the same place can get different speeds at different times. This is usually because of the modem's chipset and built-in antenna configuration—unique factors in every model. We test modems by trying a sequence of uploads and downloads from multiple sites at least seven times, at different times of day, and in different locations. Only when averaged out over multiple tests do trends become clear. The fastest modems available for each carrier typically receive our Editors' Choice.
Once you've decided which type of modem to get, you might want to consider extra features. Some devices come with built-in microSD card readers for accessing the memory card from your phone, or built-in GPS, so you can use your laptop as a portable navigator.
You'll also find models that let you connect an external antenna. If you live, work, or travel in areas where the 3G signal is consistently weaker than about -90 dBm (decibels above 1 milliwatt; there's a signal meter in your connection manager software that will provide this information), you'll get a big boost from an external antenna or amplifier. Unfortunately, antennas are pretty large, and toting one can be cumbersome.
Mac & Linux Compatibility
Make sure your modem is compatible with your PC's operating system. Every modem offered by AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, Verizon Wireless, and Cricket works with Windows XP and Vista, and most modems available today work with Mac OS 10.5 (Sprint's 3G/4G USB Modem U300 and T-Mobile's first modem, the webConnect USB Laptop Stick are notable exceptions). The Novatel Ovation U760 for Sprint and Verizon, and the Sierra Wireless 598U and Novatel Merlin EX720 for Sprint are officially Linux-compatible, and unofficial Linux drivers for AT&T's Sierra and Option cards are also available from the manufacturers' Web sites.
Beware: Overseas Surfing Will Cost You
Traveling abroad? Taking your laptop and modem along isn't as easy as it might seem. AT&T modems will work almost everywhere in the world, but if you're leaving the country, you should get a temporary data add-on to your service plan. You can opt for from 20MB to 200MB of data usage ($25 to $229 per month). If you don't have one of these plans, you'll be charged up to $20 per megabyte (that's MB, not GB) for data overseas. Ouch. T-Mobile modems also work abroad, but they don't have add-on plans available—it's just $15 per megabyte outside the U.S. and Canada.
If you're with Verizon, your modem will work in Canada, and the company will sell you a global ExpressCard that works with a $129.99-per-month plan for use in other countries. But you'll need a laptop with an ExpressCard slot. Otherwise, you're stuck with a $20-per-megabyte rate. Sprint will also sell you special international cards and modems but offers no overseas data roaming plan; if you go to Europe, for instance, you'll pay a flat rate of $16 per megabyte.
If you need Internet access outside the U.S., use your hotel Wi-Fi, hunt down hot spots or use a BlackBerry with an international data plan, which is much less expensive than a cellular card plan.
Buying the Right 56K Modem
Buying a 56K modem, also known as a dial-up modem or analog modem, can be confusing. There are several different form factors and processor options to choose from.
For example, should you buy a PCI Modem, a USB Modem, or a Serial Modem? What is the difference between USB 1.0 and USB 2.0? Do you need a controller-based modem, a controller-less modem, or a soft modem?
This brief tutorial will explain the different modem options available to help you choose the correct modem for you!
Hardware Modems, DSP-controlled Modems, and Soft Modems 56K modems come with three different processor types:
* Hardware modems, also known as a "controller modems" or "hardware-controlled modems"
* DSP-based modems, also known as a "controller-less modems"
* Software-based modems, also known as "softmodems" or "win modems"
Of these three types, hardware modems are the most powerful. DSP-based modems are the second most powerful, and softmodems are the least powerful.
In order to send and receive data over the Internet or a network, modems have to process outgoing and incoming data streams. Hardware-based modems have special hardware chips onboard that do most of this processing. Because of this, hardware-based modems do not have to rely on sending information to and from the computer’s central processor, which can slow down transmission speeds and place a heavy drain on the computer for performing other tasks.
DSP modems have some of the processing capability of hardware modems, but not all. As a result, they are faster than softmodems but not as fast as hardware modems.
Softmodems must rely almost entirely on the computer’s CPU to process the data. As a result, they are the slowest modems and place the greatest burden on the CPU, which may slow down other applications running on your PC.
How you are going to use the modem generally determines which is the best processor type for you:
* Hardware Modem: If you will use your modem daily for several hours or more you should most likely buy a hardware-based modem.
* DSP Modem: If you plan to use your modem daily for an hour or more then a DSP modem would be the best choice.
* Softmodem: If you plan to use your modem for simple Internet access a few times per week, a softmodem is probably the most suitable.
You should also consider your computer’s processor speed. In general, the slower your computer’s central processor is, the more powerful a modem you should purchase. This is because less powerful modems put more of a strain on the computer’s own processor. So you should only use a weaker modem (softmodem) if you have a fast central processor. You can check your processor’s speed by consulting the documentation for your PC. You can also check within Windows by selecting "Properties" on the "My Computer" icon.
Here are some general guidelines:
* 300 MHz or less: A hardware controlled modem would be best.
* 300 MHz - 1.0 GHz: DSP controlled modem would be best.
* Over 1.0 GHz: Softmodem would be acceptable.
Form Factor: USB Modem, External Serial Modem, PCI Modem, ISA Modem, PCMCIA Modem
56K modems come in 5 different form factors:
1. USB Modem (external)
2. External Serial Modem
3. PCI Modem (internal)
4. ISA Modem (internal)
5. PCMCIA Modem or Laptop Modem (external)
To purchase the correct form factor, you should consider what options are available for your computer, the performance required, and the ease or difficulty of the installation.
1. USB Modem: If you have a USB port available (either USB 1.0, USB 1.1, or USB 2.0) you might consider a USB modem. They are the easiest modems to install, since they do not require you to open your computer case. USB modems can usually be found in DSP and hardware-controlled versions.
2. External Serial Modems: Like USB modems, serial modems are external and easy to install. They are usually hardware controlled and offer excellent performance.
3. PCI Modems: These are the best-selling modems, and are generally the kind of modem that comes installed a new machine. PCI modems come as either DSP modems or softmodems. You should only purchase a PCI modem if you are comfortable opening your PC case and installing a new PCI card.
4. ISA Modems: These are also internal modems. To use an ISA modem, your PC must have an available ISA slot. These slots or usually only found on older PCs. Consult your system documentation to verify your slot type. These are usually hardware controlled modems, sometimes DSP-based.
5. PCMCIA Modems or Laptop Modems: This is a "card"-type modem that can be used only with a laptop. If you have both a laptop and a desktop PC, you might want to purchase a USB modem instead, since it can be used with either type. For simplicity and ease in traveling, a PCMCIA modem is the best choice.
Modem Vendors: Diamond Multimedia, Best Data Products, U.S. Robotics
Some of the leading vendors for 56K modems are Diamond Multimedia, Best Data Products, and U.S. Robotics.
* Diamond Multimedia’s SupraMax modems have been a leading brand of modems for more than a decade.
* Best Data Products has been offering high quality 56K modems for over 20 years. Their SmartOne modems are known for their value and durability.
For example, should you buy a PCI Modem, a USB Modem, or a Serial Modem? What is the difference between USB 1.0 and USB 2.0? Do you need a controller-based modem, a controller-less modem, or a soft modem?
This brief tutorial will explain the different modem options available to help you choose the correct modem for you!
Hardware Modems, DSP-controlled Modems, and Soft Modems 56K modems come with three different processor types:
* Hardware modems, also known as a "controller modems" or "hardware-controlled modems"
* DSP-based modems, also known as a "controller-less modems"
* Software-based modems, also known as "softmodems" or "win modems"
Of these three types, hardware modems are the most powerful. DSP-based modems are the second most powerful, and softmodems are the least powerful.
In order to send and receive data over the Internet or a network, modems have to process outgoing and incoming data streams. Hardware-based modems have special hardware chips onboard that do most of this processing. Because of this, hardware-based modems do not have to rely on sending information to and from the computer’s central processor, which can slow down transmission speeds and place a heavy drain on the computer for performing other tasks.
DSP modems have some of the processing capability of hardware modems, but not all. As a result, they are faster than softmodems but not as fast as hardware modems.
Softmodems must rely almost entirely on the computer’s CPU to process the data. As a result, they are the slowest modems and place the greatest burden on the CPU, which may slow down other applications running on your PC.
How you are going to use the modem generally determines which is the best processor type for you:
* Hardware Modem: If you will use your modem daily for several hours or more you should most likely buy a hardware-based modem.
* DSP Modem: If you plan to use your modem daily for an hour or more then a DSP modem would be the best choice.
* Softmodem: If you plan to use your modem for simple Internet access a few times per week, a softmodem is probably the most suitable.
You should also consider your computer’s processor speed. In general, the slower your computer’s central processor is, the more powerful a modem you should purchase. This is because less powerful modems put more of a strain on the computer’s own processor. So you should only use a weaker modem (softmodem) if you have a fast central processor. You can check your processor’s speed by consulting the documentation for your PC. You can also check within Windows by selecting "Properties" on the "My Computer" icon.
Here are some general guidelines:
* 300 MHz or less: A hardware controlled modem would be best.
* 300 MHz - 1.0 GHz: DSP controlled modem would be best.
* Over 1.0 GHz: Softmodem would be acceptable.
Form Factor: USB Modem, External Serial Modem, PCI Modem, ISA Modem, PCMCIA Modem
56K modems come in 5 different form factors:
1. USB Modem (external)
2. External Serial Modem
3. PCI Modem (internal)
4. ISA Modem (internal)
5. PCMCIA Modem or Laptop Modem (external)
To purchase the correct form factor, you should consider what options are available for your computer, the performance required, and the ease or difficulty of the installation.
1. USB Modem: If you have a USB port available (either USB 1.0, USB 1.1, or USB 2.0) you might consider a USB modem. They are the easiest modems to install, since they do not require you to open your computer case. USB modems can usually be found in DSP and hardware-controlled versions.
2. External Serial Modems: Like USB modems, serial modems are external and easy to install. They are usually hardware controlled and offer excellent performance.
3. PCI Modems: These are the best-selling modems, and are generally the kind of modem that comes installed a new machine. PCI modems come as either DSP modems or softmodems. You should only purchase a PCI modem if you are comfortable opening your PC case and installing a new PCI card.
4. ISA Modems: These are also internal modems. To use an ISA modem, your PC must have an available ISA slot. These slots or usually only found on older PCs. Consult your system documentation to verify your slot type. These are usually hardware controlled modems, sometimes DSP-based.
5. PCMCIA Modems or Laptop Modems: This is a "card"-type modem that can be used only with a laptop. If you have both a laptop and a desktop PC, you might want to purchase a USB modem instead, since it can be used with either type. For simplicity and ease in traveling, a PCMCIA modem is the best choice.
Modem Vendors: Diamond Multimedia, Best Data Products, U.S. Robotics
Some of the leading vendors for 56K modems are Diamond Multimedia, Best Data Products, and U.S. Robotics.
* Diamond Multimedia’s SupraMax modems have been a leading brand of modems for more than a decade.
* Best Data Products has been offering high quality 56K modems for over 20 years. Their SmartOne modems are known for their value and durability.
Tuesday, May 5, 2009
Internal Modems
An internal modem is basically an external modem and serial port mounted upon a PC bus card. These are cheaper than external modems as they do not require a power supply or a chassis.
Internal modems work fine for remote serial console applications. They are especially attractive for computers at co-location sites, as those sites charge according to space and power consumption.
Check that your internal modem preserves its setting across a power cycle.
Ensure that the interrupt line and port address space used by the internal modem's serial port do not conflict with that used by any other pre-existing serial ports. Alternatively, ensure that the internal serial port can be disabled, freeing its interrupt line and port address space for use by the internal modem.
Be careful not to confuse an internal modem with a WinModem. An internal modem does not need a special device driver, but appears to Linux as a stardard serial port. Find out more here.
Internal modems work fine for remote serial console applications. They are especially attractive for computers at co-location sites, as those sites charge according to space and power consumption.
Check that your internal modem preserves its setting across a power cycle.
Ensure that the interrupt line and port address space used by the internal modem's serial port do not conflict with that used by any other pre-existing serial ports. Alternatively, ensure that the internal serial port can be disabled, freeing its interrupt line and port address space for use by the internal modem.
Be careful not to confuse an internal modem with a WinModem. An internal modem does not need a special device driver, but appears to Linux as a stardard serial port. Find out more here.
External Modems
External modems are communication devices that computers utilize to connect to public networks like the Internet. A modem that sits inside the computer is called an internal modem, while modems that sit exterior, are external modems.
The type of modem you require depends on the type of Internet access service you desire. There are two general categories: Basic dial-up service, and high-speed broadband service.
Basic Dial-Up (Internal and External Modems)
Traditionally, internal modems have been dial-up modems that connect to Internet service providers (ISPs) using an analog signal over a telephone line. Since telephones also use analog signals, phones and modems cannot share lines simultaneously. Dial-up is the slowest, but also the least expensive way to connect to the Internet.
External modems can also be dial-up modems, and if so, will be rated at a transfer rate of 56 kbps (kilobytes per second), like their internal twins. External modems are handy when there are no available internal slots, or if the modem needs to be shared between computers that are not networked. In this case an external modem connected to a desktop system, can easily be disconnected and connected to a different desktop, or even a laptop.
External modems for dial-up service are inexpensive and available everywhere computers are sold. They are easy to setup, come with instructions, and most include fax capability at the software level. Recent versions of most operating systems recognize and load drivers for dial-up modems, which are plug-and-play devices.
High-speed Broadband (External Modems)
Most external modems today are not dial-up modems, but broadband modems. External modems designed for broadband service provide a different kind of Internet connection that is extremely fast, used with high-speed ISPs. Broadband modems typically have transfer rates from 1.5 — 8 mbps (megabytes per second), or higher.
DSL, FiOS, cable and satellite are different flavors of high-speed Internet. Normally ISPs selling broadband Internet access will provide their customers with external modems pre-configured to use with the service. Depending on the contract terms, the external modems might be leased with a small monthly charge, or provided free to use for the duration of the client's contract. High-speed modems are normally not internal.
External modems used for broadband service can be wired, or wireless. If wireless, a wireless network adapter must be installed in each computer that is to communicate with the modem. These adapters can be PCMCIA, or external devices that attach to the computer via the USB port.
DSL modems utilize the telephone line for sending digital signals rather than analog signals. Consequently, you can use the telephone while using DSL service. This is also true of FiOS service, which uses fiber optic lines in place of standard copper telephone lines. External modems used for high-speed cable service will not use the telephone line, but rather the cable TV line. Local cable companies provide cable Internet service, where available.
If interested in high-speed Internet service, do not shop for external modems without first selecting your ISP, as it will likely provide the broadband modem for you. Find out more here.
The type of modem you require depends on the type of Internet access service you desire. There are two general categories: Basic dial-up service, and high-speed broadband service.
Basic Dial-Up (Internal and External Modems)
Traditionally, internal modems have been dial-up modems that connect to Internet service providers (ISPs) using an analog signal over a telephone line. Since telephones also use analog signals, phones and modems cannot share lines simultaneously. Dial-up is the slowest, but also the least expensive way to connect to the Internet.
External modems can also be dial-up modems, and if so, will be rated at a transfer rate of 56 kbps (kilobytes per second), like their internal twins. External modems are handy when there are no available internal slots, or if the modem needs to be shared between computers that are not networked. In this case an external modem connected to a desktop system, can easily be disconnected and connected to a different desktop, or even a laptop.
External modems for dial-up service are inexpensive and available everywhere computers are sold. They are easy to setup, come with instructions, and most include fax capability at the software level. Recent versions of most operating systems recognize and load drivers for dial-up modems, which are plug-and-play devices.
High-speed Broadband (External Modems)
Most external modems today are not dial-up modems, but broadband modems. External modems designed for broadband service provide a different kind of Internet connection that is extremely fast, used with high-speed ISPs. Broadband modems typically have transfer rates from 1.5 — 8 mbps (megabytes per second), or higher.
DSL, FiOS, cable and satellite are different flavors of high-speed Internet. Normally ISPs selling broadband Internet access will provide their customers with external modems pre-configured to use with the service. Depending on the contract terms, the external modems might be leased with a small monthly charge, or provided free to use for the duration of the client's contract. High-speed modems are normally not internal.
External modems used for broadband service can be wired, or wireless. If wireless, a wireless network adapter must be installed in each computer that is to communicate with the modem. These adapters can be PCMCIA, or external devices that attach to the computer via the USB port.
DSL modems utilize the telephone line for sending digital signals rather than analog signals. Consequently, you can use the telephone while using DSL service. This is also true of FiOS service, which uses fiber optic lines in place of standard copper telephone lines. External modems used for high-speed cable service will not use the telephone line, but rather the cable TV line. Local cable companies provide cable Internet service, where available.
If interested in high-speed Internet service, do not shop for external modems without first selecting your ISP, as it will likely provide the broadband modem for you. Find out more here.
Types of Modems
External vs. Internal Modems
* External Modem: This is a modem separated from the system unit in the computer case. It is connected to the serial port of the computer by means of a cable. It is connected to the telephone wall jack by another cable.
* Internal Modem: An internal modem is a circuit board (a modem card) that can be added to the system unit of the computer. It takes one of the expansion slots.
Standard vs. Intelligent Modems
* Standard Modems: Most modems used today are called standard modems. These modems are usually operated by commands entered from a microcomputer keyboard. Users control the functions (dialing, etc.) of a modem through the keyboard. Modems may use different command languages to control their functions, but most modems (called "Hayes compatible") use a popular language developed by a company "Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc." The command ATDSX4, for example, indicates that pay attention (AT), dial stored telephone number (DS), and then display the progress of the call (X4).
* Intelligent Modems: Intelligent modems are also called advanced modems. These modems can accept new instructions and then respond to the commands while transmitting data and information. These can be done by microprocessor chips and internal read only memory (ROM) contained in the modem. Of course, these modems are more expensive.
Short-Haul and Wireless Modems
* Short-Haul Modems: Short- haul modems are devices that transmit signals down the cable through any COM1 port. They sometimes are called modem eliminators, because they do not require an external power source. They are also called line drivers that can send data for a distance of more than one mile. This type of modem can be used within or across several buildings in a company or a university campus.
* Wireless Modems: Wireless modems transmit the data signals through the air instead of by using a cable. They sometimes are called a radiofrequency modem. This type of modem is designed to work with cellular technology, and wireless local area networks. Wireless modems are not yet perfected, but the technology is rapidly improving. Find out more here.
* External Modem: This is a modem separated from the system unit in the computer case. It is connected to the serial port of the computer by means of a cable. It is connected to the telephone wall jack by another cable.
* Internal Modem: An internal modem is a circuit board (a modem card) that can be added to the system unit of the computer. It takes one of the expansion slots.
Standard vs. Intelligent Modems
* Standard Modems: Most modems used today are called standard modems. These modems are usually operated by commands entered from a microcomputer keyboard. Users control the functions (dialing, etc.) of a modem through the keyboard. Modems may use different command languages to control their functions, but most modems (called "Hayes compatible") use a popular language developed by a company "Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc." The command ATDSX4, for example, indicates that pay attention (AT), dial stored telephone number (DS), and then display the progress of the call (X4).
* Intelligent Modems: Intelligent modems are also called advanced modems. These modems can accept new instructions and then respond to the commands while transmitting data and information. These can be done by microprocessor chips and internal read only memory (ROM) contained in the modem. Of course, these modems are more expensive.
Short-Haul and Wireless Modems
* Short-Haul Modems: Short- haul modems are devices that transmit signals down the cable through any COM1 port. They sometimes are called modem eliminators, because they do not require an external power source. They are also called line drivers that can send data for a distance of more than one mile. This type of modem can be used within or across several buildings in a company or a university campus.
* Wireless Modems: Wireless modems transmit the data signals through the air instead of by using a cable. They sometimes are called a radiofrequency modem. This type of modem is designed to work with cellular technology, and wireless local area networks. Wireless modems are not yet perfected, but the technology is rapidly improving. Find out more here.
Wednesday, April 29, 2009
Broadband or Cable?
The speed of incoming and outgoing internet computer data can vary between broadband DSL and cable modems. Understanding how cable modems operate in comparison to DSL provides a better understanding of why broadband DSL is the preferred choice in broadband technology.
Cable modem internet service is used mainly in residential settings rather than for business use because it is usually offered as a package deal with cable television programming. Cable programming uses separate channels within one main cable for television broadcasting, outgoing internet computer data from subscribers, and incoming internet computer data to subscribers in specific locations. Unlike DSL, all cable television and internet subscribers in a specific location share the same cable to and from the provider. This means that every cable subscriber sharing that single cable also share bandwidth. The speed of internet service via a cable modem doesn't depend on the distance to and from the provider. It depends on the number of other subscribers on the same cable who are using the internet simultaneously.
Broadband DSL allows subscribers to use the same telephone line for telephone communication and internet access. Broadband DSL uses frequencies that go way beyond the frequency range of regular telephone service, so data transfer speed with DSL is considerably greater than other options. Unlike cable modem internet service, the speed of broadband DSL depends on the distance the provider is to the DSL subscriber and connection speed chosen by that DSL subscriber. DSL is generally faster than broadband cable modem service because of greater amounts of bandwidth availability. Broadband DSL is a dedicated internet link that can be counted on for speed and reliability.
DSL is clearly the best choice of broadband technology for the general public as well as businesses relying on fast connections and internet downloads. Internet users can rely on broadband DSL for faster internet browsing, game plays, and emailing, as well as all other internet-based activities.
Cable modem internet service is used mainly in residential settings rather than for business use because it is usually offered as a package deal with cable television programming. Cable programming uses separate channels within one main cable for television broadcasting, outgoing internet computer data from subscribers, and incoming internet computer data to subscribers in specific locations. Unlike DSL, all cable television and internet subscribers in a specific location share the same cable to and from the provider. This means that every cable subscriber sharing that single cable also share bandwidth. The speed of internet service via a cable modem doesn't depend on the distance to and from the provider. It depends on the number of other subscribers on the same cable who are using the internet simultaneously.
Broadband DSL allows subscribers to use the same telephone line for telephone communication and internet access. Broadband DSL uses frequencies that go way beyond the frequency range of regular telephone service, so data transfer speed with DSL is considerably greater than other options. Unlike cable modem internet service, the speed of broadband DSL depends on the distance the provider is to the DSL subscriber and connection speed chosen by that DSL subscriber. DSL is generally faster than broadband cable modem service because of greater amounts of bandwidth availability. Broadband DSL is a dedicated internet link that can be counted on for speed and reliability.
DSL is clearly the best choice of broadband technology for the general public as well as businesses relying on fast connections and internet downloads. Internet users can rely on broadband DSL for faster internet browsing, game plays, and emailing, as well as all other internet-based activities.
Choosing Your Best Cable Modem Service
How much speed are we using nowadays? You definitely know what I am referring to. Computers are used daily these days. For me I work on it for hours in a day. So I surely need a stable system and a consistent cable modem service. People working on computers certainly understand what I mean to say.
Most of you might be spending hours working on your desktop, laptop or notebook. A slow connection speed will be certainly very annoying. To prevent it I chose Roadrunner as my cable modem service. It’s very different from dial up and definitely better. I found other computer related material at http://www.spideywebinfo.com.
If you work on a computer, you must certainly be seated in a cubicle with your fingers working efficiently over the old keyboard. I am not all judging, only stating my observation. The stress is that you surely need a great system and a good cable modem service to work productively and efficiently. I work from home but I too need a stable computer and high speed connection. After shifting to this place, I chose to test out the local cable modem service. I thought it wont be that bad.
But their monthly fee was high. I gave it a try in spite of knowing this. But after a few months I was vexed with the inconsistent service. The connection was the root cause. Sometimes it made be crazy because no connection existed or could be established. After all who wants to pay up for a service which is not rendered in a consistent way?
I even felt that I should be given a discount for the time I could not be online. But the provider thought otherwise. So I finally dropped them. I went back to Roadrunner cable modem service, which has always rendered good service.
Are you among those seeking a good cable modem service, so as to have a fast connection to the Internet highway? If this is the case do not wait any longer. Go online and search through the gamut of options available. Browse the offers currently being offered in your locality to find the lowest cost on a monthly basis.
Find out more here.
Most of you might be spending hours working on your desktop, laptop or notebook. A slow connection speed will be certainly very annoying. To prevent it I chose Roadrunner as my cable modem service. It’s very different from dial up and definitely better. I found other computer related material at http://www.spideywebinfo.com.
If you work on a computer, you must certainly be seated in a cubicle with your fingers working efficiently over the old keyboard. I am not all judging, only stating my observation. The stress is that you surely need a great system and a good cable modem service to work productively and efficiently. I work from home but I too need a stable computer and high speed connection. After shifting to this place, I chose to test out the local cable modem service. I thought it wont be that bad.
But their monthly fee was high. I gave it a try in spite of knowing this. But after a few months I was vexed with the inconsistent service. The connection was the root cause. Sometimes it made be crazy because no connection existed or could be established. After all who wants to pay up for a service which is not rendered in a consistent way?
I even felt that I should be given a discount for the time I could not be online. But the provider thought otherwise. So I finally dropped them. I went back to Roadrunner cable modem service, which has always rendered good service.
Are you among those seeking a good cable modem service, so as to have a fast connection to the Internet highway? If this is the case do not wait any longer. Go online and search through the gamut of options available. Browse the offers currently being offered in your locality to find the lowest cost on a monthly basis.
Find out more here.
Sunday, April 12, 2009
Modem History
Modems were first introduced as a part of the SAGE air-defense system in the 1950s, connecting terminals located at various airbases, radar sites and command-and-control centers to the SAGE director centers scattered around the US and Canada. SAGE ran on dedicated communications lines, but the devices at either end were otherwise similar in concept to today's modems. IBM was the primary contractor for both the computers and the modems used in the SAGE system. A few years later a chance meeting between the CEO of American Airlines and a regional manager of IBM led to a "mini-SAGE" being developed as an automated airline ticketing system. In this case the terminals were located at ticketting offices, tied to a central computer that managed availability and scheduling. The system, known as Sabre, is the distant parent of today's SABRE system. By the early 1960s commercial computer use had bloomed, due in no small part to the developments above, and in 1962 AT&T released the first commercial modem, the Bell 103. Using frequency-shift keying, where two tones are used to represent the 1's and 0's of digital data, the 103 had a transmission rate of 300 bit/s. Only a short time later they released the Bell 212, switching to the more reliable phase-shift keying system and increasing the data rate to 1200 bit/s. The similar Bell 201 system used both sets of signals (send and receive) on 4-wire leased lines for 2400 bit/s operation. The next major advance in modems was the Hayes Smartmodem, introduced in 1981 by Hayes Communications. The Smartmodem was a simple 300 bit/s modem using the Bell 103 signaling standards, but attached to a small controller that let the computer send commands to it to operate the phone line. Prior to the Smartmodem, modems almost universally required a two-step process to activate a connection: first, manually dial the remote number on a standard phone handset, then plug the handset into a modem-attached acoustic coupler, a device with two rubber cups for the handset that converted between the audio signals and the electrical modem signals. With the Smartmodem, the acoustic coupler was eliminated by plugging the modem directly into a modular phone set or wall jack, and the computer was "smart" enough to bypass the phone and dial the number directly. These changes greatly simplified installation and operation of bulletin board systems (BBS). Modems stayed at about these rates into the 1980s. A 2400 bit/s system very similar to the Bell 212 signalling was introduced in the US, and a slightly different, and incompatible, one in Europe. By the late 1980s most modems could support all of these standards, and 2400 bit/s was becoming common. A huge number of other standards were also introduced for special-purpose situations, commonly using a high-speed channel for sending, and a lower-speed channel for receiving. One typical example was used in the French Minitel system, where the user's terminals spent the majority of their time receiving information. The modem in the Minitel terminal thus operated at 1200 bit/s for reception, and 75 bit/s for sending commands back to the servers. These sorts of solutions were useful in a number of situations where one side would be sending more data than the other. In addition to a number of "medium-speed" standards like Minitel, four US companies became famous for high-speed versions of the same concept. Microcom Systems introduced their MNP, Hayes their Ping Pong, USR had their HST protocol, and Telebit used software to increase performance. In all of these cases the high-speed line was set to 9600 bit/s, and the low-speed line to between 75 and 300 bit/s. Each company carved out a niche in the market, Telebit was huge in the universities due to their direct support of UUCP prototols in the modem itself, Microcom became common in commercial settings, and USR was huge among BBS operators (as they could download Fidonet messages more quickly), but the Hayes standard never caught on. In all of these cases there was a well defined high-speed and low-speed direction, but such a split was not so obvious for users who were uploading and downloading files in the same session, and these solutions were rarely used by them. Operations at these speeds pushed the limits of the phone lines, and would have been generally very error-prone. This led to the introduction of error correction systems built into the modems, made most famous with Microcom's MNP systems. A string of MNP standards came out in the 1980s, each slowing the effective data rate by a smaller amount each time, from about 25% in MNP1, to 5% in MNP4. MNP5 took this a step further, adding compression to the system, thereby actually increasing the data rate - in general use the user could expect an MNP modem to transfer at about 1.3 times the normal data rate of the modem. MNP was later "opened" and became popular on a series of 2400 bit/s modems, although it was never widespread. Another common feature of these high-speed modems was the concept of fallback, allowing them to talk to less-capable modems. During the call initiation the modem would play a series of signals into the line and wait for the remote modem to "answer" them. They would start at high speeds and progressively get slower and slower until they heard an answer. Thus two USR modems would be able to connect at 9600 bit/s, but when another user with a 2400 bit/s modem called in, the USR would "fall back" to the common 2400 bit/s speed. Without such a system the operator would be forced to have multiple phone lines for high and low speed use. 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Wednesday, March 18, 2009
Modem Troubleshooting (cont.)
Cable modem data activity light keeps flashing
Most cable modems have an LED labelled Cable or Data or D/S, which indicates when data arrives from the cable network. Some users get worried that this LED flashes even when their PC is doing nothing or is switched off. If they are running a firewall, they are puzzled that the firewall does not register any traffic. There is no need for concern: some essential data (DHCP and ARP protocols) is broadcast into the cable network and arrives at every cable modem whether your PC needs it or not. You need not worry that someone is trying to hack into your PC just because the data light is flashing.
If the rate of flashing goes up when your PC is online (compared to when your PC is switched off or disconnected), but you do not know of any reason why your PC should be generating network traffic, then that might be a source of concern.
Most cable modems have an LED labelled Cable or Data or D/S, which indicates when data arrives from the cable network. Some users get worried that this LED flashes even when their PC is doing nothing or is switched off. If they are running a firewall, they are puzzled that the firewall does not register any traffic. There is no need for concern: some essential data (DHCP and ARP protocols) is broadcast into the cable network and arrives at every cable modem whether your PC needs it or not. You need not worry that someone is trying to hack into your PC just because the data light is flashing.
If the rate of flashing goes up when your PC is online (compared to when your PC is switched off or disconnected), but you do not know of any reason why your PC should be generating network traffic, then that might be a source of concern.
Tuesday, March 17, 2009
Modem Troubleshooting Part 1
Modems serve one purpose: translating between digital information understood by computers and analog sounds that travel over phone lines. Your computer uses its OS (operating system) and the modem manufacturer’s device driver software to convert data to sound. The modem then uses the phone line (connected via jacks on the modem and the wall) to transmit those sounds to a modem on the receiving end, which undertakes the same process in reverse. When you’re receiving data, your modem listens to the sound made by the sending modem and translates for the OS, which provides data for whatever application you’re using (an Internet browser or email client, for instance). Any such chain of conversion and transmission has multiple points of failure. Identifying those points and systematically eliminating them, one by one, is the essence of troubleshooting. Starting with the easiest and most common possibilities, you can quickly narrow down the options, identify the problem, and find a solution.
Wednesday, March 11, 2009
Cable Or DSL Modem
With the ever changing world of technology there remains one constant. People do not understand all of the terminology when it comes to computers and the internet. At a basketball game I overheard two people discussing their internet and what kind of service they had. One guy said he had a DSL router through his cable company. The other disagreed and said he had high speed internet through the phone company and he thought it was DSL.
Here are a few simple ways to remember what kind of internet service you have if you want to keep you conversation accurate.
1. Many people still have the old slow dial up internet connection. It ties up your phone line and is not the fastest way to be online. Because of where they live this may still be the only option they have.
2. Cable broadband internet comes from the local cable company. You get access to it right through the cable coming into your home. The cable guy will come out to your house and do the installation for you. To do this he splits the connection from your TV to a cable modem box. Then he plugs it into your computer or router.
One benefit of having internet access from your cable company is it doesn't matter how close you live to cable company's office. Wherever you live you will get it at the same speed as everyone else in your neighborhood. One thing that does matter is the number of households subscribing will affect the bandwidth available and at certain times of the day your service will be slower.
3. DSL is short Digital Subscriber Line and is provided by a phone company. You will probably not need an installer to come out to your home to get started. Your phone company will turn on your service and they will send you a DSL modem and DSL router or filters. You can use the phone line you have without ordering another one.
To get connected, you plug one end of a DSL modem into a regular phone jack and the other end into your computer or DSL router. The filters are used to eliminate potential DSL static from phone jacks in which phones are used. These filters fit easily into the phone jacks and then the phone connections are plugged into the filters.
Because you are using your phone line sharing bandwidth with your neighbors is not an issue. However the further away you live from the phone companies office the slower your system will operate.
If you live too far away you may not even be able to get DSL service and would not need a DSL router, modem or filters. You will have to check with your cable company to see what your options are at that point.
Here are a few simple ways to remember what kind of internet service you have if you want to keep you conversation accurate.
1. Many people still have the old slow dial up internet connection. It ties up your phone line and is not the fastest way to be online. Because of where they live this may still be the only option they have.
2. Cable broadband internet comes from the local cable company. You get access to it right through the cable coming into your home. The cable guy will come out to your house and do the installation for you. To do this he splits the connection from your TV to a cable modem box. Then he plugs it into your computer or router.
One benefit of having internet access from your cable company is it doesn't matter how close you live to cable company's office. Wherever you live you will get it at the same speed as everyone else in your neighborhood. One thing that does matter is the number of households subscribing will affect the bandwidth available and at certain times of the day your service will be slower.
3. DSL is short Digital Subscriber Line and is provided by a phone company. You will probably not need an installer to come out to your home to get started. Your phone company will turn on your service and they will send you a DSL modem and DSL router or filters. You can use the phone line you have without ordering another one.
To get connected, you plug one end of a DSL modem into a regular phone jack and the other end into your computer or DSL router. The filters are used to eliminate potential DSL static from phone jacks in which phones are used. These filters fit easily into the phone jacks and then the phone connections are plugged into the filters.
Because you are using your phone line sharing bandwidth with your neighbors is not an issue. However the further away you live from the phone companies office the slower your system will operate.
If you live too far away you may not even be able to get DSL service and would not need a DSL router, modem or filters. You will have to check with your cable company to see what your options are at that point.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
Modem Information
Don't you find it annoying that whenever you are in a middle of research or online surfing, the connection suddenly stops? If you've experienced that a number of times, perhaps the problem might lie with the cable modem. And what you can do perform a few tweaks on the cable modem in order to optimize its operation.
Say the cable modem on your computer gets disconnected after a few minutes, then here's a cable modem tweak that can help you address the issue. One reason this thing happens in your computer is that this is Windows XP-related. On the Windows XP, there is an option that allows the computer to turn off the USB device in order to save on power. Now what you can do is to disable this option. Just click on the start button and highlight the My Computer icon and select the option that says properties. A window will then appear with the system properties. Navigate the window by clicking on the hardware tab and press the device manager button. Expand the serial bus controllers and double click on the USB root hub. You'll now see the Power Management tab and uncheck the 'allow the computer to turn off the device to save power'. If the computer displays a number of USB root hub, then make sure that you repeat the same steps for that same number of hubs. Often a cable modem that disconnects after a few hours can be remedied by performing these two steps. One cable modem tweak that is possible is by disabling the hibernation. You can right click on the desktop and click the screen saver tab. You'll notice the power button of the display properties dialog. Click that one. Another dialog box will appear and you'll be shown the hibernate tab. Use this box to uncheck the box beside the enable hibernation. Another good step is to disable the Windows Messenger. On the start button, select run and input the words gpedit.msc. Proceed to the Computer Configuration then select the Administrative Templates, then straight to Windows Components and on to Windows Messenger. Don't run the messenger, just go to the properties and check the box near it to enable.
Another thing that computer users can do is to configure the modem delay time. This is true usually to Motorola and Rockwell modems. And this issue always happens right after the user has installed the Windows 2000 drivers on the XP Pro. In order to address the problem, here's a little tweak that you can do. But as a precaution, make sure that you back up your registry even if there will be no problems. Again, click on the run and type the words 'regedit'. Then you have to select the HKEY current user/remote access/profile/"your isp". Then you to need to change the value of the disconnect idle time from 14 to zero. Following these simple steps can address the issue of internet disconnection every few hours. For a specific cable modem tweak, then a talk with the technical representative of the company can bring results.
Say the cable modem on your computer gets disconnected after a few minutes, then here's a cable modem tweak that can help you address the issue. One reason this thing happens in your computer is that this is Windows XP-related. On the Windows XP, there is an option that allows the computer to turn off the USB device in order to save on power. Now what you can do is to disable this option. Just click on the start button and highlight the My Computer icon and select the option that says properties. A window will then appear with the system properties. Navigate the window by clicking on the hardware tab and press the device manager button. Expand the serial bus controllers and double click on the USB root hub. You'll now see the Power Management tab and uncheck the 'allow the computer to turn off the device to save power'. If the computer displays a number of USB root hub, then make sure that you repeat the same steps for that same number of hubs. Often a cable modem that disconnects after a few hours can be remedied by performing these two steps. One cable modem tweak that is possible is by disabling the hibernation. You can right click on the desktop and click the screen saver tab. You'll notice the power button of the display properties dialog. Click that one. Another dialog box will appear and you'll be shown the hibernate tab. Use this box to uncheck the box beside the enable hibernation. Another good step is to disable the Windows Messenger. On the start button, select run and input the words gpedit.msc. Proceed to the Computer Configuration then select the Administrative Templates, then straight to Windows Components and on to Windows Messenger. Don't run the messenger, just go to the properties and check the box near it to enable.
Another thing that computer users can do is to configure the modem delay time. This is true usually to Motorola and Rockwell modems. And this issue always happens right after the user has installed the Windows 2000 drivers on the XP Pro. In order to address the problem, here's a little tweak that you can do. But as a precaution, make sure that you back up your registry even if there will be no problems. Again, click on the run and type the words 'regedit'. Then you have to select the HKEY current user/remote access/profile/"your isp". Then you to need to change the value of the disconnect idle time from 14 to zero. Following these simple steps can address the issue of internet disconnection every few hours. For a specific cable modem tweak, then a talk with the technical representative of the company can bring results.
Tuesday, February 17, 2009
The Necessity
With most computer modems you have capability for faxing. Many portable modems are very easy to hook up. The telephone line plugs into the back of the modem and the modem into the back of the computer.The speed of the connection is determined by the computer. All modems are the same in what they do, they allow you to hook up to the internet.
Modem
Just about every computer has the availability for a modem. If your computer doesn't have availability then your system is probably to old. There are two types of modems,internal and external. The external one sits on you desk and the phone line plugs into it,then it plugs into the back of the computer. Internal modems comes already set up in your computer and saves space in your work erea. These are alittle less expensive, but they both do the same job.
Data
The modem allows you to send and receive data. Most computer modems are user-friendly. No matter what it is that you want to do,if it's to go on line and check e-mails,send a message to a friend or even play games, to be able to access these services iyou must have a modem.
Connection
Most of the time when there is a problem connecting to the internet, it's your modem. This is sometimes easily fixed. Unplug your power source from the back of your modem for about 30 seconds and the re-plug it and try again. If this doesn't work then call your provider.
There are hundreds of Adware deletion programs on the push. Your best bet is to go to a place like Spybot Download It lists the best Adware Removers presently on the push. Or just google the speak "adware remover". Like I said, you'll find hundreds. Some are good, some aren't. Free Spybot is a great situate for you to see which ones work, but I know some of you just like to google, and that's approval too ;). Just get one, I feel bad having to current so wholly for something so nominal.
Modem
Just about every computer has the availability for a modem. If your computer doesn't have availability then your system is probably to old. There are two types of modems,internal and external. The external one sits on you desk and the phone line plugs into it,then it plugs into the back of the computer. Internal modems comes already set up in your computer and saves space in your work erea. These are alittle less expensive, but they both do the same job.
Data
The modem allows you to send and receive data. Most computer modems are user-friendly. No matter what it is that you want to do,if it's to go on line and check e-mails,send a message to a friend or even play games, to be able to access these services iyou must have a modem.
Connection
Most of the time when there is a problem connecting to the internet, it's your modem. This is sometimes easily fixed. Unplug your power source from the back of your modem for about 30 seconds and the re-plug it and try again. If this doesn't work then call your provider.
There are hundreds of Adware deletion programs on the push. Your best bet is to go to a place like Spybot Download It lists the best Adware Removers presently on the push. Or just google the speak "adware remover". Like I said, you'll find hundreds. Some are good, some aren't. Free Spybot is a great situate for you to see which ones work, but I know some of you just like to google, and that's approval too ;). Just get one, I feel bad having to current so wholly for something so nominal.
Monday, February 16, 2009
Cable Modems FAQ
Do you ever wonder how a cable modem works? Are you trying to understand if high-speed internet access is right for you? Would you like to know how to purchase a cable modem? Here are some cable modem FAQs that will give you more information.
What do cable modems do? A cable modem is a device that allows you to use your cable connection to get high-speed internet access. It is responsible for detecting and converting the data that eventually gets sent to your computer.
How do cable modems work? Since a coaxial cable has a high data storage capacity, both the internet and cable television can use the same cable. The cable modem takes a data signal and converts it to its digital form. This is the form that your computer reads and eventually converts into data that you can understand.
Where can you purchase a cable modem? You can get a cable modem from your cable company, from a store, online, or secondhand by searching in the classified ads.
How can you compare prices? There are plenty of websites devoted to price comparisons. You can also do the research yourself by looking at individual websites and asking questions at retail stores. Start a spreadsheet to keep track of the information. Once you find a few products that fit your requirements, you can do more in-depth research.
Can you read product reviews? Yes. There are a few ways to find product reviews. Companies offer testimonials as reviews. These opinions may be biased, however. If you want to see both good and bad reviews, you can find a variety of them online or in consumer magazines. You can also ask people in online forums to ask them what they think of a certain product.
These cable modem FAQs should help you make a purchase. Doing research is essential in getting the best product for your money.
What do cable modems do? A cable modem is a device that allows you to use your cable connection to get high-speed internet access. It is responsible for detecting and converting the data that eventually gets sent to your computer.
How do cable modems work? Since a coaxial cable has a high data storage capacity, both the internet and cable television can use the same cable. The cable modem takes a data signal and converts it to its digital form. This is the form that your computer reads and eventually converts into data that you can understand.
Where can you purchase a cable modem? You can get a cable modem from your cable company, from a store, online, or secondhand by searching in the classified ads.
How can you compare prices? There are plenty of websites devoted to price comparisons. You can also do the research yourself by looking at individual websites and asking questions at retail stores. Start a spreadsheet to keep track of the information. Once you find a few products that fit your requirements, you can do more in-depth research.
Can you read product reviews? Yes. There are a few ways to find product reviews. Companies offer testimonials as reviews. These opinions may be biased, however. If you want to see both good and bad reviews, you can find a variety of them online or in consumer magazines. You can also ask people in online forums to ask them what they think of a certain product.
These cable modem FAQs should help you make a purchase. Doing research is essential in getting the best product for your money.
Thursday, February 12, 2009
Broadband Modems
Broadband USB Modems are used for accessing internet connection wirelessly. The device is compact and can overcome the flaws of earlier methods. Just by plugging the gadget into the USB port of laptops, users can start accessing internet connection. There is no longer the need of connecting by means of long drawn wires or by 'phone dial ups' for getting connected to the internet.Internet accessibility is thus made easy with broadband. The modems are available with several companies such as Vodafone, 3 Mobile, O2 mobile and others. These service providers of broadband bring quality service and users can really enjoy availing broadband networks. It is also becoming increasingly common to find a free modem with broadband service providers. Most of the UK based broadband providers are known to supply a free modem to their customers. However, if people want to get it from marts, they can find it at amazingly low price.
The cost of Broadband USB Modems are kept cheap so as to enable everyone buy it easily. Customers aspiring to connect wirelessly to broadband without an interruption, can easily do so with the aid of modems. The gadget being very compact can be carried with ease. It easily slides into one's pocket and people can carry it with them wherever they go.Once connected to the internet with the aid of the Broadband USB Modems, it becomes possible for the user to download files of all kind. It can be gaming, music, videos and other sort of files. The users thus can easily store them in the memory of their personal computers. They can later on access these files so as to stay entertained in life. Playing games and listening to music has always been frivolously entertaining for people. Users thus feel delighted to download and store the files for their personal entertainment.
The best thing about modems are that the users do not have to open their computer in-order to install it. Once connected to the USB port of laptops, the drivers are automatically installed on the computer. So, the USB modem is unlike the PCI ADSL modem where the card has to be installed separately in the computer. This actually makes the USB a user-friendly device.Information about the latest modems launched with mobile broadband deals and about companies that offer the gadget can be gained from the internet. One can get detailed information about these modems from various websites. The details include price, availability and features of the device. So, having learned about the gadgets, one can easily place an online order for the modem of their choice. It is possible to find the best modems by placing online orders. Moreover, the gadget is delivered at the residence of the customer after an online order is placed.
The cost of Broadband USB Modems are kept cheap so as to enable everyone buy it easily. Customers aspiring to connect wirelessly to broadband without an interruption, can easily do so with the aid of modems. The gadget being very compact can be carried with ease. It easily slides into one's pocket and people can carry it with them wherever they go.Once connected to the internet with the aid of the Broadband USB Modems, it becomes possible for the user to download files of all kind. It can be gaming, music, videos and other sort of files. The users thus can easily store them in the memory of their personal computers. They can later on access these files so as to stay entertained in life. Playing games and listening to music has always been frivolously entertaining for people. Users thus feel delighted to download and store the files for their personal entertainment.
The best thing about modems are that the users do not have to open their computer in-order to install it. Once connected to the USB port of laptops, the drivers are automatically installed on the computer. So, the USB modem is unlike the PCI ADSL modem where the card has to be installed separately in the computer. This actually makes the USB a user-friendly device.Information about the latest modems launched with mobile broadband deals and about companies that offer the gadget can be gained from the internet. One can get detailed information about these modems from various websites. The details include price, availability and features of the device. So, having learned about the gadgets, one can easily place an online order for the modem of their choice. It is possible to find the best modems by placing online orders. Moreover, the gadget is delivered at the residence of the customer after an online order is placed.
Wednesday, February 11, 2009
ADSL Modems
Users who want to connect to ADSL broadband use the ADSL modem to do so. ADSL modems are a very cost-effective solution for users and are popular across the world, including the US. The ADSL modem enables the transfer of Internet data directly to the computer. The data rates provided by ADSL modems are consistent with North American and European digital hierarchies. Users can purchase these modems from the market with various speed ranges and capabilities. The minimum configuration enables data rates of 1.5 or 2.0 Mbps downstream in a 16 kbps duplex channel. Other configurations offer rates of 6.1 Mbps along with a 64 kbps duplex. One can also opt for products with downstream rates of 8 Mbps and duplex rates of up to 640 kbps.
There are three types of ADSL modems. They are the ethernet ADSL modem, the PCI ADSL modem, and the USB ADSL modem. The ethernet ADSL modem can be fed directly into a PC ethernet port or used to add a modem to certain broadband routers. The PCI ADSL modem fits inside the computer. USB ADSL modems are the most popular form of all ADSL modems, and they are designed for connecting individual computers to ADSL lines.
Now, how does an ADSL modem function? The ADSL modem organizes the stream of aggregate data in blocks. These data are created by multiplexing downstream channels, the duplex channels, and the maintenance channels. While transmitting the data, the ADSL modem attaches an error-correction code to each block. ADSL modems are capable of accommodating ATM transport with variable rates and compensation for ATM overhead, as well as the IP protocols.
ADSL modems can create multiple channels to transfer data. For this, ADSL modems divide the available bandwidth of a telephone line in one of two ways - Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) and Echo Cancellation. The FDM assigns one band for upstream data and assigns another band for the downstream data. Further, the downstream path gets sub-divided into one or more high-speed channels by time division multiplexing. Similarly, the upstream path also gets multiplexed into corresponding low-speed channels. Echo Cancellation enables the upstream band to overlap the downstream band. These two bands get separated by means of local echo cancellation. Both Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) and Echo Cancellation techniques enable ADSL to split off a 4 kHz region for POTS at the DC end of the band.
However, in spite of the tremendous capabilities of ADSL modems, it is recommended that Internet users using modems should not be awed with the technological capabilities of the modem, and install firewall software for added security.
There are three types of ADSL modems. They are the ethernet ADSL modem, the PCI ADSL modem, and the USB ADSL modem. The ethernet ADSL modem can be fed directly into a PC ethernet port or used to add a modem to certain broadband routers. The PCI ADSL modem fits inside the computer. USB ADSL modems are the most popular form of all ADSL modems, and they are designed for connecting individual computers to ADSL lines.
Now, how does an ADSL modem function? The ADSL modem organizes the stream of aggregate data in blocks. These data are created by multiplexing downstream channels, the duplex channels, and the maintenance channels. While transmitting the data, the ADSL modem attaches an error-correction code to each block. ADSL modems are capable of accommodating ATM transport with variable rates and compensation for ATM overhead, as well as the IP protocols.
ADSL modems can create multiple channels to transfer data. For this, ADSL modems divide the available bandwidth of a telephone line in one of two ways - Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) and Echo Cancellation. The FDM assigns one band for upstream data and assigns another band for the downstream data. Further, the downstream path gets sub-divided into one or more high-speed channels by time division multiplexing. Similarly, the upstream path also gets multiplexed into corresponding low-speed channels. Echo Cancellation enables the upstream band to overlap the downstream band. These two bands get separated by means of local echo cancellation. Both Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) and Echo Cancellation techniques enable ADSL to split off a 4 kHz region for POTS at the DC end of the band.
However, in spite of the tremendous capabilities of ADSL modems, it is recommended that Internet users using modems should not be awed with the technological capabilities of the modem, and install firewall software for added security.
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
Cable Modems
Cable modems are devices that provide high-speed Internet access using cable television networks.
They are designed to work over TV lines. They are connected to the TV outlet for cable TV transmission and the operator connects a Cable Modem Termination System at the cable company’s main office. The cable modem can be used for fast access to the World Wide Web.
Cable modems are available as an internal, external or set-top box device. An external cable modem is a small box that will have two cable connections, one to the cable wall outlet and the other to a computer through a standard 10Base-T Ethernet card. An internal cable modem is a PCI bus add-in card for a PC. They can only be used in desktop PC’s. The set-top box is a cable modem in a cover, which supplies return channel through the Plain Old Telephone System.
Regular modems use a phone line to dial up and connect with another modem. Cable modems connect your computer to the Internet service provider by translating the networks information so it can be passed back and forth over the cable channel. Cable modems can plug directly into your computer via a USB connection or a network card in your computer. A network card is the hardware that allows you to communicate on a network. In the case of a cable modem connection, it allows your computer to talk with the cable modem. It takes the place of a regular modem in your computer. Just turn the computer on. With a cable modem, your connection is always on. This means that you do not need to dial in. Whenever your computer is on, you are on the Internet, automatically.
Cable modems vary in cost. Since there isn't a universal standard for them, you have to get a cable modem that works with your specific provider. There are many companies who are producing or have announced cable modem products. They include: 3Com, Bay Networks, Com21, General Instrument, Hayes, Hybrid Networks, Motorola, NEC, New Media Communication, neighborhood, Scientific Atlanta, Terayon, Toshiba, U.S. Robotics and Zenith.
They are designed to work over TV lines. They are connected to the TV outlet for cable TV transmission and the operator connects a Cable Modem Termination System at the cable company’s main office. The cable modem can be used for fast access to the World Wide Web.
Cable modems are available as an internal, external or set-top box device. An external cable modem is a small box that will have two cable connections, one to the cable wall outlet and the other to a computer through a standard 10Base-T Ethernet card. An internal cable modem is a PCI bus add-in card for a PC. They can only be used in desktop PC’s. The set-top box is a cable modem in a cover, which supplies return channel through the Plain Old Telephone System.
Regular modems use a phone line to dial up and connect with another modem. Cable modems connect your computer to the Internet service provider by translating the networks information so it can be passed back and forth over the cable channel. Cable modems can plug directly into your computer via a USB connection or a network card in your computer. A network card is the hardware that allows you to communicate on a network. In the case of a cable modem connection, it allows your computer to talk with the cable modem. It takes the place of a regular modem in your computer. Just turn the computer on. With a cable modem, your connection is always on. This means that you do not need to dial in. Whenever your computer is on, you are on the Internet, automatically.
Cable modems vary in cost. Since there isn't a universal standard for them, you have to get a cable modem that works with your specific provider. There are many companies who are producing or have announced cable modem products. They include: 3Com, Bay Networks, Com21, General Instrument, Hayes, Hybrid Networks, Motorola, NEC, New Media Communication, neighborhood, Scientific Atlanta, Terayon, Toshiba, U.S. Robotics and Zenith.
Monday, February 9, 2009
Ethernet Modems
Ethernet Modem allows any modem communications applications to interact via LAN or the Internet. Application "dials" remote IP address instead of making a dial-direct call using hardware modem. Moreover, it looks as if the application worked with hardware modem. But in fact, a hardware modem is not used.
Usually hardware modems are used to connect communications applications over standard phone lines. Here comes the pain and our 10 reasons to get rid of hardware:
1. Phone line and modem hardware are required. You need a phone line and a modem beside each computer from which you want to establish modem connection.
2. Phone call charges. You have to pay for each phone call. It's even worse if you make international phone calls.
3. Busy phone line. You cannot use your phone line for other purposes while using modem connection.
4. Unreliability of phone connection. Besides phone connections are not reliable, they are low-speed.
5. Too stressful thus complicated.
Ethernet modem is the only solution to get rid of the above mentioned pains. Let's compare what the program can bring:
1. Automatically network-enables modem communications applications without software changes.
2. No charges for phone calls.
3. Neither phone line nor modem required.
4. Speed is far higher then hardware modems have.
5. Location-independent. Virtual Modem can be used anywhere in the world where Internet access is available.
6. You can limit network access to your virtual modem using any firewall software.
Ethernet modems are successfully used in such spheres as financial systems, credit card transaction, legal information database access, real estate information systems, device control and data acquisition, building automation, security systems.
Usually hardware modems are used to connect communications applications over standard phone lines. Here comes the pain and our 10 reasons to get rid of hardware:
1. Phone line and modem hardware are required. You need a phone line and a modem beside each computer from which you want to establish modem connection.
2. Phone call charges. You have to pay for each phone call. It's even worse if you make international phone calls.
3. Busy phone line. You cannot use your phone line for other purposes while using modem connection.
4. Unreliability of phone connection. Besides phone connections are not reliable, they are low-speed.
5. Too stressful thus complicated.
Ethernet modem is the only solution to get rid of the above mentioned pains. Let's compare what the program can bring:
1. Automatically network-enables modem communications applications without software changes.
2. No charges for phone calls.
3. Neither phone line nor modem required.
4. Speed is far higher then hardware modems have.
5. Location-independent. Virtual Modem can be used anywhere in the world where Internet access is available.
6. You can limit network access to your virtual modem using any firewall software.
Ethernet modems are successfully used in such spheres as financial systems, credit card transaction, legal information database access, real estate information systems, device control and data acquisition, building automation, security systems.
Friday, February 6, 2009
Modem Problems?
When it comes to diagnosing the modem and any other computer problem,always start with the most obvious first.Modem problems may be repaired as fast as re-booting the computer or can be as complex as resolving hardware conflicts.
First remember to check for the most obvious signs of trouble,such as loose connections at the rear of the computer for external modems.
Internal modems may have their retaining screw at the expansion slot loose are missing.Phone line connections may simply be inserted in the wrong connector.
Nearly all internal modems are inserted into the PCI or Peripheral Component Interconnect slot in the system unit.
NO POWER AT THE MODEM
For Internal Modems,first try inserting the modem in a different PCI Slot.Reboot the computer and click on Start,Control Panel,and click the Phone And Modems icon if you have Windows XP as your operating system.
Then click on modems,properties,and look for the statement "This Device Is Working Properly". You can click on Diagnostics and run a test to see if the modem has power as well.
External modems can be checked for power by inspecting the adapter plug to see if it is plugged in completely.Look to see if any indicator lights flashing and be certain you are using the adapter for your modem.
Be sure the surge protector or wall outlet is providing power by plugging in a lamp or a radio.If the radio works,the culprit may be the adapter or the external modem itself.
If you purchased the modem in your town,you may have the chance to return to the store and ask the technician to test it with a known good power adapter.You can been replace either the adapter or modem.
MODEM DISCONNECTS OFTEN
If your modem,whether internal or external,is working but disconnects from the Internet very often,without warning,check to be sure your call waiting option is not enabled.
Another culprit that cause this headache is line noise.This noise and interference can be caused by such things as loose wiring.
Poor waterproofing,old wiring,worn phone jacks are some causes that will result in line noise. Make sure no other equipment is using the same line that your modem is on.
Be sure other devices as your fax machine, answering machines or even security alarms are not sharing the same line as your modem.
Other PCI devices may be causing conflicts with your modem.Clicking the Control Panel ,and clicking the modem icon will show the message "This Device Has A Problem" or somthing similar if there is a conflict.
Windows will offer ways to resolve the conflict. Take the time to carefully follow instructions tocorrect any conflicts that may be present.
Loose data lines for Internal modems and loose or damaged connectors for External modems can cause data lost as well.Visual check and double check these connections.
MODEM IS PRESENT BUT WILL NOT WORK
The external and internal modem must have device drivers installed before they will work. Bad or incorrect drivers can cause the modem to disconnect as well as not work at all
If you noticed that the device driver was either missing or corrupt in the modem icon,follow the instructions to update the device driver.
If some cases,you may have to completely remove the old modem from thw Windows Device Manager.
Once it has been removed from Windows, reboot the computer and Windows will detect the modem and automatically re-installs the the device driver.
If your modem came with an installation cdrom or diskette,use the software the disk rather than the one in Windows.
Once you are up and running,the first thing you should do is to visit the modem's support web site and search for any software patches or updated drivers to download.
COMMON BROADBAND PROBLEMS
The most common high speed internet problems whether its dsl or cable connections are not being able to log on and poor signal.
If the Cable modem often reboots,you should check to see if your signal indicator is strong.If the signal seems good,electronic signal from mobile phones and other devices nearby may be interfering with the signal.
Stop and look behind the cable or dsl modem to see if the connections have worked themselves loose or have come off completely.Be sure the connections have not be damaged in any way.
The modem is connected to an Ethernet card which will receive and send signals to the computer.Look at the rear of the card and see if the green indicator is on.If not,there is a problem with the card installation or the card may be faulty.
If the ehthernet card in the computer become loose, your high speed Internet reception will be interruppted. Place a finger on the ethernet card and try to move it. If you can,open the system unit case and tighten the card.
If the ethernet card has become loose,it may be a good idea to remove it and inspect the yellow contacts to be certain they are not dirty or damaged.Power will not transfer to the card should this be the case.
Other causes may be the main wiring to the modem may be faulty.The vacuum cleaner or the power tools your son is using in the garage may be causing the problem as well.And we cannot omit the idea that the cable or dsl modem themselves may be faulty.
While you're learning about your computer,understand the modem at every level and do so now while it is still in good operating order.Print or write down modem and all troubleshooting tips.
Put these troubleshooting tips in a binder or at least in a safe place so you can refer to them should your PC fail to boot.Knowing about your computer takes time and effect but you be glad you took the time should your system goes on the blink.
First remember to check for the most obvious signs of trouble,such as loose connections at the rear of the computer for external modems.
Internal modems may have their retaining screw at the expansion slot loose are missing.Phone line connections may simply be inserted in the wrong connector.
Nearly all internal modems are inserted into the PCI or Peripheral Component Interconnect slot in the system unit.
NO POWER AT THE MODEM
For Internal Modems,first try inserting the modem in a different PCI Slot.Reboot the computer and click on Start,Control Panel,and click the Phone And Modems icon if you have Windows XP as your operating system.
Then click on modems,properties,and look for the statement "This Device Is Working Properly". You can click on Diagnostics and run a test to see if the modem has power as well.
External modems can be checked for power by inspecting the adapter plug to see if it is plugged in completely.Look to see if any indicator lights flashing and be certain you are using the adapter for your modem.
Be sure the surge protector or wall outlet is providing power by plugging in a lamp or a radio.If the radio works,the culprit may be the adapter or the external modem itself.
If you purchased the modem in your town,you may have the chance to return to the store and ask the technician to test it with a known good power adapter.You can been replace either the adapter or modem.
MODEM DISCONNECTS OFTEN
If your modem,whether internal or external,is working but disconnects from the Internet very often,without warning,check to be sure your call waiting option is not enabled.
Another culprit that cause this headache is line noise.This noise and interference can be caused by such things as loose wiring.
Poor waterproofing,old wiring,worn phone jacks are some causes that will result in line noise. Make sure no other equipment is using the same line that your modem is on.
Be sure other devices as your fax machine, answering machines or even security alarms are not sharing the same line as your modem.
Other PCI devices may be causing conflicts with your modem.Clicking the Control Panel ,and clicking the modem icon will show the message "This Device Has A Problem" or somthing similar if there is a conflict.
Windows will offer ways to resolve the conflict. Take the time to carefully follow instructions tocorrect any conflicts that may be present.
Loose data lines for Internal modems and loose or damaged connectors for External modems can cause data lost as well.Visual check and double check these connections.
MODEM IS PRESENT BUT WILL NOT WORK
The external and internal modem must have device drivers installed before they will work. Bad or incorrect drivers can cause the modem to disconnect as well as not work at all
If you noticed that the device driver was either missing or corrupt in the modem icon,follow the instructions to update the device driver.
If some cases,you may have to completely remove the old modem from thw Windows Device Manager.
Once it has been removed from Windows, reboot the computer and Windows will detect the modem and automatically re-installs the the device driver.
If your modem came with an installation cdrom or diskette,use the software the disk rather than the one in Windows.
Once you are up and running,the first thing you should do is to visit the modem's support web site and search for any software patches or updated drivers to download.
COMMON BROADBAND PROBLEMS
The most common high speed internet problems whether its dsl or cable connections are not being able to log on and poor signal.
If the Cable modem often reboots,you should check to see if your signal indicator is strong.If the signal seems good,electronic signal from mobile phones and other devices nearby may be interfering with the signal.
Stop and look behind the cable or dsl modem to see if the connections have worked themselves loose or have come off completely.Be sure the connections have not be damaged in any way.
The modem is connected to an Ethernet card which will receive and send signals to the computer.Look at the rear of the card and see if the green indicator is on.If not,there is a problem with the card installation or the card may be faulty.
If the ehthernet card in the computer become loose, your high speed Internet reception will be interruppted. Place a finger on the ethernet card and try to move it. If you can,open the system unit case and tighten the card.
If the ethernet card has become loose,it may be a good idea to remove it and inspect the yellow contacts to be certain they are not dirty or damaged.Power will not transfer to the card should this be the case.
Other causes may be the main wiring to the modem may be faulty.The vacuum cleaner or the power tools your son is using in the garage may be causing the problem as well.And we cannot omit the idea that the cable or dsl modem themselves may be faulty.
While you're learning about your computer,understand the modem at every level and do so now while it is still in good operating order.Print or write down modem and all troubleshooting tips.
Put these troubleshooting tips in a binder or at least in a safe place so you can refer to them should your PC fail to boot.Knowing about your computer takes time and effect but you be glad you took the time should your system goes on the blink.
Thursday, January 22, 2009
Modem Installation
Modem installation ,whether its dialup, dsl, or cable,it can be a breeze when you both make the installation an education experience as well as having fun in the process.
For this to happen,you must be prepared with the right equipment. High speed modems will need an ethernet card in most cases,for example. Let's take a deep down look at what it will take to get a new Internal or External modem up and running in your computer.
While we're at it,we will see what it takes to install a cable or dsl modem as well. These modems are always external but will need a couple for parts in order to get that fast internet speed.
1. Connect the Modem to the Computer
When installing your modem, first write down the serial number, just in case you should need to contact technical support.
External modems are connected to the computer with the RS232 cable. This cable is connected to the rear of the system at the serial port and the modem itself. Some modems will have this cable as a part of the modem.
Internal modems are inserted in an expansion slot on the motherboard, unless its intergrated with the motherboard.
Provide power to the external modem with the use of the adapter that with the modem. Internal modems get their power from the expansion slot right on the motherboard.
After the modem has been installed, both the external and internal modem must be connected to the analog phone line. Plug one end of the phone cord to the jack labeled "Line" on the modem and the other into the phone jack.You can then connect your telephone to the phone jack on the modem.
2. Install Modem Software
Now you can replace the system unit cover if you are installing an internal modem. And after all peripherals are re-connected to the computer, boot the computer.
With external modems, simply turn the computer and modem on.See if the power indicator is on.
Insert the floppy disk or cd-rom containing the device driver into the appropriate drive when the "add new hardware" screen appears. Follow the instructions on the disk to install the device driver.
Be sure to read the modem install manual carefully to be sure all installation procedures were followed. Click on finish once Windows find and install the device driver.
3. Test Your New Modem
The device driver allow your modem to talk to your computer.To see if the modem is working, click on Start, Settings, Control Panel,and click the Modems icon.
Read the description of the modem to be sure it is the one you have.
Installing a Cable Or DSL Modem
Cable modems are external and are connected to the computer by a Cat5 Cable.This cables looks like a regular modem data cable but is larger.
One end of the Cat5 Cable is inserted into the rear of the cable modem while the other end is inserted into a Network Interface Card.
This NIC card must be installed in an empty adapter slot in the system unit and transfer data between the computer and modem.
With the Cat5 cable connecting the modem and PC together,you must provide the Internet signal to the modem by connecting a coil cable to the modem.
This cable provides high speed internet access and may use the same connection as your television. One end of the coaxial cable connects to the modem and the other is connected the cable TV connector.
If the connection is being used by the TV,a cable adapter will split the signals and you can use one connector for both your TV and the Internet.
DSL Modems also use the NIC card and Cat5 cable. Some DSL modem require device drivers and either a cd-rom or diskette should come with the modem.
Once you connect to the Internet with a cable or dsl modem,you'll most likely never go back to the slower dialup version.
Onthe other hand,you just may want to keep your dialup modem once you realize just how much more you're going to invest when it comes to broadband Internet.
Since the choice is yours,learn all you can about all modems,how they work, and how they connect to the world wide web.Your internet experience will grow by leaps and bounds if you do.
For this to happen,you must be prepared with the right equipment. High speed modems will need an ethernet card in most cases,for example. Let's take a deep down look at what it will take to get a new Internal or External modem up and running in your computer.
While we're at it,we will see what it takes to install a cable or dsl modem as well. These modems are always external but will need a couple for parts in order to get that fast internet speed.
1. Connect the Modem to the Computer
When installing your modem, first write down the serial number, just in case you should need to contact technical support.
External modems are connected to the computer with the RS232 cable. This cable is connected to the rear of the system at the serial port and the modem itself. Some modems will have this cable as a part of the modem.
Internal modems are inserted in an expansion slot on the motherboard, unless its intergrated with the motherboard.
Provide power to the external modem with the use of the adapter that with the modem. Internal modems get their power from the expansion slot right on the motherboard.
After the modem has been installed, both the external and internal modem must be connected to the analog phone line. Plug one end of the phone cord to the jack labeled "Line" on the modem and the other into the phone jack.You can then connect your telephone to the phone jack on the modem.
2. Install Modem Software
Now you can replace the system unit cover if you are installing an internal modem. And after all peripherals are re-connected to the computer, boot the computer.
With external modems, simply turn the computer and modem on.See if the power indicator is on.
Insert the floppy disk or cd-rom containing the device driver into the appropriate drive when the "add new hardware" screen appears. Follow the instructions on the disk to install the device driver.
Be sure to read the modem install manual carefully to be sure all installation procedures were followed. Click on finish once Windows find and install the device driver.
3. Test Your New Modem
The device driver allow your modem to talk to your computer.To see if the modem is working, click on Start, Settings, Control Panel,and click the Modems icon.
Read the description of the modem to be sure it is the one you have.
Installing a Cable Or DSL Modem
Cable modems are external and are connected to the computer by a Cat5 Cable.This cables looks like a regular modem data cable but is larger.
One end of the Cat5 Cable is inserted into the rear of the cable modem while the other end is inserted into a Network Interface Card.
This NIC card must be installed in an empty adapter slot in the system unit and transfer data between the computer and modem.
With the Cat5 cable connecting the modem and PC together,you must provide the Internet signal to the modem by connecting a coil cable to the modem.
This cable provides high speed internet access and may use the same connection as your television. One end of the coaxial cable connects to the modem and the other is connected the cable TV connector.
If the connection is being used by the TV,a cable adapter will split the signals and you can use one connector for both your TV and the Internet.
DSL Modems also use the NIC card and Cat5 cable. Some DSL modem require device drivers and either a cd-rom or diskette should come with the modem.
Once you connect to the Internet with a cable or dsl modem,you'll most likely never go back to the slower dialup version.
Onthe other hand,you just may want to keep your dialup modem once you realize just how much more you're going to invest when it comes to broadband Internet.
Since the choice is yours,learn all you can about all modems,how they work, and how they connect to the world wide web.Your internet experience will grow by leaps and bounds if you do.
Wednesday, January 21, 2009
Modem Breakdown
Modems, what are they?
The word stands for MOdulator DEModulator, and it's just a fancy name for a telephone hookup for your computer. Modems can either be a cardthat is easily installed into your computer, or it can be an external unit. Basically, the only difference from modem to modem that the average user needs to worry about is the speed. Modem speed is indicated by a BAUD rate, which indicates how many "data bits" are transferred per second. The most common baud rates for modems are 300,200,2400, 4800, 9600, and 14,400. Don't get a 300 or 1200 baud modem, as they are outdated and too slow. A 2400 baud modem is sufficient for most and is very economical (usually $50 or so).
The word stands for MOdulator DEModulator, and it's just a fancy name for a telephone hookup for your computer. Modems can either be a cardthat is easily installed into your computer, or it can be an external unit. Basically, the only difference from modem to modem that the average user needs to worry about is the speed. Modem speed is indicated by a BAUD rate, which indicates how many "data bits" are transferred per second. The most common baud rates for modems are 300,200,2400, 4800, 9600, and 14,400. Don't get a 300 or 1200 baud modem, as they are outdated and too slow. A 2400 baud modem is sufficient for most and is very economical (usually $50 or so).
With a modem and a special computer program called a terminal program (one is usually included with the modem), you can call up other computers and communicate with them, including transferring programs and files. You can ommunicate with individual computer users, or through BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEMS, or BBS's, which are services run primarily by privateindividuals.
When you call a BBS, you are instructed to type your name and a password of your choice. If it's your first time calling the BBS, you will usually go through a short registration process, similar to filling out a form. This is all done on your computer. The information you type on your end is sent through the phone line to the system operator's, or SYSOP's,computer, which is running the BBS. Once you are registered, there may or
may not be a membership fee, depending on the individual SYSOP, though most will allow free use of their BBS by non-members for a short period of time each day. This will be all the time you'll need, though, to use the methods I'll describe in this report. There are also large ON-LINE (accessible by modem) services you can call, such as Compu-Serve, Genie, America On-Line, and others. These are basically the same as BBS's, but on a much larger scale, and all have monthly membership fees, with
most charging by the hour.
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